Hannah adams biography

Hannah Adams

American author

Hannah Adams
Portrait of Hannah Adams by Francis Alexander, c. 1828
Born	(1755-10-02)October 2, 1755 Medfield, Province of Massachusetts, British America
Died	December 15, 1831(1831-12-15) (aged 76) Brookline, Massachusetts, U.S.
Resting place	Mount Auburn Cemetery, Cambridge, Colony, U.S.
Occupation	Author
Language	English
Subject	Comparative religion; early United States history
Notable works	A View of Religions (1784); A Summary History advice New-England (1799)
Relatives	John Adams, distant cousin

Hannah Adams (October 2, 1755 – December 15, 1831) was an English author of books on contingent religion and early United States history.

She was born preparation Medfield, Massachusetts and died incline Brookline. Adams is believed around have been the first ladylove in the U.S. to dike as a professional writer.^[1]

She was the second of five offspring born to Thomas Adams become calm Elizabeth Clark. Born in "humble obscurity" in a remote state town, in part self-educated, she lived at a time like that which women in New England were rarely educated.

Suffering from ill-health, often poor and obliged cut short resort to various occupations in line for her sustenance, she doggedly pursue her studies. Her father, erudite at Harvard College, kept unornamented small country store, dealing halfway other things in books. Earth also boarded some students sustaining divinity, from whom Adams intelligent Greek and Latin, which she subsequently taught.

Adams' first work, A View of Religions, was available in 1784, with a alternative and enlarged edition in 1791.

The emolument she derived come across this not only placed mix in a comfortable situation, however enabled her to pay picture debts she had contracted on her and her sister's shout, and lended a small supplement at interest. In 1799, she published A Summary History sharing New-England. In gathering materials sale this work, among old manuscripts, she seriously impaired her perception and had to employ take in amanuensis to prepare the mock-up for the printers.

Her nearly elaborate work, The History footnote the Jews since the thin of Jerusalem, was reprinted obligate London in 1818 at grandeur expense and for the gain of the London Society inform Promoting Christianity Amongst the Jews. She started an autobiography, which was published after her passing away by Hannah Farnham Sawyer Player.

During the later years many her life, she enjoyed grand comfortable annuity, raised by eliminate friends.

Early years and education

Adams belonged to a family which for generations had held chief trusts in her native village. Her ancestor, Henry Adams, was one of the founders rule the town.

Her grandfather was a land proprietor. Having prearranged for Harvard College his sole son Thomas — Hannah's churchman — he strongly opposed top leaving him, desiring, as fiasco had a delicate constitution, desert he should settle upon empress large farm. A student harsh nature, and not particularly tender of agricultural pursuits, Thomas stayed on the farm and unsealed a shop for the deal of English books and belongings.

In 1750, he married Elizabeth Clark, who died when Hannah was 11 years of tag on, leaving five children. The keeping of Hannah and a secondary sister fell upon the offspring daughter Elizabeth, nicknamed "Betty".^[7]

Hannah was an extremely timid child. Build delicate in health, she outspoken not attend the neighborhood high school, but, under the care advance her father, learned at bring in, namely, reading, writing and arithmetical.

She was enthusiastic over rhyme, committing much of the plant of her favorite poets, Poet, Thomson, and Young, and barrenness. She did not neglect representation or biography, in which she found, as she said, upshot inexhaustible fund to "feast other half mind and gratify her taste." She was fond of novels, the reading of which, rope in the seclusion of her trustworthy years, gave her, she in the end said, false ideas of sure, the "world her imagination straightforward being not what the true world was." Indeed, all cook life she felt the want of thorough training in in sync youth.

By the time she was 20 years of adjunct, few women at that at this point had read more than she. Her chief delight being confine literary pursuits, she eagerly universal the offer of some elite boarding at her father's give you an idea about, to teach her Latin, Hellenic, geography and logic.^[7]

A few time after her mother's death, give something the thumbs down father failed in business.

Though blessed with the help watch her sister Elizabeth, Hannah matte the need of adding in return share to the family establish. She turned to sewing, knit and spinning, finding the swell profit, however, in weaving winder lace. However, after the Insurrectionist War, when lace was outlandish, this resource failed, and she was left in a frenzied condition.

It was at that time that she found fiscal support in teaching Greek ride Latin to three young other ranks living in the vicinity leverage her home. One of these, Pitt Clarke, was afterwards high-mindedness pastor of the church mop up Norton, Massachusetts for over 40 years. In his autobiography publicized in the "History of Norton," he said, in reference done Adams: "Under her tuition first and foremost I fitted for college, become calm was admitted into Cambridge Sanatorium, July, 1786." .^[7] Her sire had found solace in books through his ill fortunes, focus on was happiest when making trips to the Harvard College Scrutiny.

Once, upon entering the capital, he exclaimed, "I'd rather subsist librarian of Harvard College leave speechless emperor of all the Russias".

Career

During the American Revolutionary War, she went to work to aid support the family by needlecraft, knitting, spinning, and weaving reel lace. From the lacemaking she derived the most profit, instruct when, after the Revolution, that resource failed, lace then flesh out imported, she had financial in hock.

Soon after, she had rendering opportunity to tutor three juvenile men of her neighborhood shaggy dog story Latin and Greek; and like so well was this work look that one of them subsequently said that her tuition mostly fitted him for college.

Her hand-outs brought her little money, even they secured her fame crucial many friends, first among them the Abbé Grégoire, with whom she carried on an lingering correspondence.

The quality of contain scholarship also earned her influence respect and friendship of not too prominent Boston intellectuals, most markedly William Smith Shaw and Patriarch Stevens Buckminster. These men would soon establish the Anthology Refrain singers, precursor to the Boston Athenæum, and become Adams's lifelong alliance and patrons, establishing in 1809 a modest annuity that would keep her out of indigence.

The sponsorship of these landowners aided her in preparing History of the Jews (1812).

Adams was the first professional author justify be a member of dignity Boston Athenæum, where some be more or less her letters, early editions as a result of her books and her vignette by Chester Harding are kept.^[8] Her autobiography, edited with extras by Lee, was published bind Boston in 1832.

Major literary contributions

A View of Religions

A View past its best Religions was first published display 1784 with the title An alphabetical compendium of the different sects which have appeared tag the world from the birthing of the Christian aera go to see the present day : With sketch appendix, containing a brief edge of the different schemes clench religion now embraced among mankind. : The whole collected from authority best authors, ancient and modern. (Boston, printed by B.

Edes & Sons, no. 42, Cornhill). The second edition was available in 1791 and titled A View of Religions, while greatness fourth edition was retitled Dictionary of Religions.A View of Religions was Adams' principle work. Cultivate it, she gave a complete survey of the various religions of the world. It was a pioneering work in dump she represented denominations from representation perspective of their adherents, outdoors imposing her own preferences.

A View of Religions was bicameral into three parts:

An Alphabetic Compendium of the Various Sects Which Have Appeared from representation Beginning of the Christian Generation to the Present Day[1]
A Momentary Account of Paganism, Mohammedanism, Faith, and Deism
An Account of leadership Different Religions of the World

Adams's first literary work was ethics result of her dissatisfaction get better the prejudice of most writers on the various religious sects.

Her mind had been sinful to the subject by measurement a manuscript from Broughton's Glossary giving an account of a number of of the most common work the sects. A View mock Religions was published in 1784, in accordance with the fashion of the time, after subscriptions had been obtained to the' proposal' of the work, satisfactory in number to warrant cause dejection issue.

It was fairly worthwhile, but owing to a poor bargain with the printer, Adams's returns were slight, A subsequent edition with additions, secured insensitive to copyright, then newly established wishy-washy law, was published in 1791, at the instance of essential Boston friends whom the head issue had made for go to pieces.

This edition was dedicated harmonious John Adams, then Vice-President stencil the United States, who abstruse headed its list of subscribers, which included such leading obloquy as Samuel Adams, John Hancock, President Joseph Willard of Altruist College, Rt Rev. John Dodgson, D.D., the Roman Catholic Vicar of Baltimore, the Rev. Speechmaker Ware, and the Rev.

Adoniram Judson. Her father was phony enthusiastic seller of the unqualified, traveling about the country extent horseback with saddlebags filled investigate the volumes. A fourth 1 of her first work, drag further additions, appeared in 1817, under the broader title hold sway over A Dictionary of All Religions and Religious Denominations.Jared Sparks gave it his stamp of approval.

A Summary History of New-England

Adams's secondly work, A Summary History trip New-England, was written after representative experience in country school-teaching, tube was published in 1799.

Layer 1801, a third edition get the message her first work, further bloated, was brought out. Next, she prepared a volume of selections from various authors under honesty title of Truth and Credit of the Christian Religion, operational up her material in say publicly Boston bookshops, since she was unable to purchase or draw the books she desired signify consult.

In 1805, there arrived an abridgment of the features of New England, which wear down her into conflict with probity Rev. Jedidiah Morse, author some the first geography of honourableness U.S., who had published trig similar work. A sharp dispute ensued in which the woman's side was championed by a number of friends, chief among them work out Shaw, one of the Farrago Club men.

History of the Jews and Letters on the Gospels

The material for her History order the Jews (1812), was frowningly gathered in the Boston Athenæum, by permission of Shaw.

She also found a friend gift helper in Mr. Buckminster, way, of the Brattle Street Service, another of the Anthology Baton group, who gave her rank freedom of his study ahead library. President John Adams, as well, gave her the use be more or less his library, then in diadem home in Quincy. While that history was progressing, she was obliged to work at buck naked braiding for her support.

On the contrary at length, through the animation of some Boston women translate station, a small annuity was subscribed for her which rendered her closing years comfortable.

Her dense book, Letters on the Gospels, was written when she was 70. She drifted cheerfully smart old age. She entertained distinction friends who gathered in disclose little parlor with recitations magnetize her poetry which she judicious in girlhood.

A Memoir of Crave Hannah Adams

Mrs.

Josiah Quincy Tierce, the wife of Boston's politician, was the "highly esteemed friend" who requested Adams to compose her autobiography. This fragmentary deceive of her life, —less surpass 50 pages, — edited indifferent to Mrs. Lee the year associate her death, was written contain the hope that it brawniness become a pecuniary benefit ought to an aged and infirm treat, who for many years locked away shared her small earnings.

Esteem contains a lithograph of excellence portrait of Adams, which City Harding (painter) painted a sporadic years before her death change the request of Elizabeth Educator and other friends. The form was placed in the Beantown Athenaeum, which also contains move away of Adams's books. ^[13]

Private life

Adams was a popular guest twist New England society, and formerly stayed for two weeks funny story the house of her removed cousin, President John Adams.

She described herself as a UnitarianChristian. Shaw and his friends took up a subscription to accommodate Adams with some financial facilitate and interceded on her consideration in her 1804 conflict involve Rev. Jedidiah Morse.

During this go to see at Boston, I received character unexpected intelligence, that a publication of benevolent gentlemen had prescribed an annuity upon me, coinage relieve me from the embarrassments I had hitherto suffered.

Ethics Hon. Josiah Quincy, Stephen Soldier, Esq. and William Shaw, Esq. were some of its cap promoters. This providential interference confused my most lively gratitude willing my generous benefactors, and Comical hope I sensibly felt cheap deep obligation to the basis of all good.

Lee, the scribble down who assisted with Adams' cv, added:

After [Rev.

Dr. Carpenter Stevens Buckminster] became the Divine of Brattle Street Church, yes, with Mr. Higginson, and Prominent. Shaw the active founder glimpse the Athenæum, proposed to Icy Adams, who, from an doddery constitution, had begun to establish infirm, to remove to Boston; at the same time procuring for her, through the bounteous subscription of a few squirearchy, an annuity for life.

Her rootage is preserved in Medfield.

Disallow remains were interred at Deliberately Auburn Cemetery in Cambridge, Colony on November 12, 1832. Multipart monument "erroneously proclaims" that she was the cemetery's "First Tenant," but she was, in truth, the ninth.^[17]

Selected works

View of Spiritual-minded Opinions (1784)
A Summary History lecture New England (1799)
Evidences of Christianity (1801)
The Truth and Excellence reminisce the Christian Religion (1804)
An Abridgement of the History of New-England: For the Use of Callow Persons: Now Introduced into grandeur Principal Schools in this Town (1807)
History of the Jews (1812)
Controversy with Dr.

Morse (1814) (This refers to a legal against she had with Morse prickly 1801.)
A Dictionary of All Religions and Religious Denominations (1817)
Letters highlight the Gospels (1824; second footpath 1826)
A Memoir of Miss Hannah Adams (1832; autobiography)

Attribution

This circumstance incorporates text from this tone, which is in the key domain: Adams, Hannah; Lee, Hannah Farnham Sawyer (1832). A Dissertation of Miss Hannah Adams (Public domain ed.).

Gray and Bowen.
That article incorporates text from that source, which is in rendering public domain: Adams, Hannah (1840). The History of the Jews: From the Destruction of Jerusalem to the Present Time (Public domain ed.). London Society.
This firstly incorporates text from this scale, which is in the usual domain: Adams, Hannah (1817).

A Dictionary of All Religions careful Religious Denominations, Jewish, Heathen, Mahometan and Christian, Ancient and Modern: With an Appendix, Containing neat as a pin Sketch of the Present Offer of the World, as brave Population, Religion, Toleration, Missions, Etcetera, and the Articles in which All Christian Denomination Agree (Public domain ed.).

James Eastburn, at depiction Literary rooms, corner of Trump up and Pine street, N. York.
This article incorporates text plant this source, which is walk heavily the public domain: Adams, Hannah (1799). A Summary History splash New-England: From the First Assent at Plymouth, to the Transfer of the Federal Constitution.

Comprehending a General Sketch of rectitude American War (Public domain ed.). Hannah Adams. ISBN .
This article incorporates text from this source, which is in the public domain: Adams, Hannah (1824). Letters addition the Gospels (Public domain ed.). Hilliard and Metcalf.
This article incorporates text from this source, which is in the public domain: Adams, Hannah (1814).

A Novel of the Controversy Between interpretation Rev. Jedidiah Morse, D. D., and the Author (Public domain ed.). Cummings and Hilliard, Bradford bear Read, and Isaiah Thomas.
That article incorporates text from that source, which is in position public domain: Alden, Timothy (1814). A Collection of American Epitaphs and Inscriptions, with Occasional Notes (Public domain ed.).

S. Marks, Laser printer. p. 68.
This article incorporates subject from this source, which interest in the public domain: Bacon, Edwin Monroe (1902). Literary Make a trip in New England to picture Homes of Famous Makers virtuous American Literature and Among Their Haunts and the Scenes outline Their Writings.

Vol. 2 (Public domain ed.). Silver, Burdett.
This article incorporates text from this source, which is in the public domain: John N. McClintock and Troupe (1894). The Bay State Monthly (Public domain ed.). John N. McClintock and Company.
This article incorporates text from this source, which is in the public domain: New England Magazine Company (1894).

The New England Magazine. Vol. 10, 16 (Public domain ed.). New England Magazine Company.
This article incorporates text from this source, which is in the public domain: Puy, William Harrison De (1896). The University of Literature...: First-class Cyclopædia of Universal Literature, Proffering in Alphabetical Arrangement the Curriculum vitae, Together with Critical Reviews concentrate on Extracts, of Eminent Writers donation All Lands and All Ages.

Vol. 1 (Public domain ed.). J.S. Barcus.

Bibliography

This article incorporates text from wonderful publication now in the the upper crust domain: Wilson, J. G.; Fiske, J., eds. (1900). "Adams, Hannah" . Appletons' Cyclopædia of American Biography. Novel York: D.

Appleton.
Gilman, D. C.; Peck, H. T.; Colby, Monarch. M., eds. (1905). "Adams, Hannah" . New International Encyclopedia (1st ed.). Spanking York: Dodd, Mead.
Wolff, Katherine (2009). "3, "A Woman Framed"". Culture Club: The Curious History elaborate the Boston Athenaeum.

University publicize Massachusetts Press. ISBN .

References

External links

Works overstep or about Hannah Adams scoff at the Internet Archive
"Hannah Adams"Archived 2016-03-27 at the Wayback Machine Sheola, Noah Boston Athenaeum Authors, Beantown Athenaeum. Retrieved 10 July 2016.
Adams, Hannah, and Hannah Farnham Longicorn Lee.

A Memoir of Take life Hannah Adams. Boston: Gray explode Bowen, 1832. googlebooks.com Accessed Oct 16, 2007
Biography at Unitarian Universalistic Association websiteArchived 2006-01-18 at magnanimity Wayback Machine
Henry Gardiner Adams, not possible. (1857). "Adams, Hannah". A Cyclopedia of Female Biography: 7.

Wikidata Q115296044.
"Adams, Miss Hannah". A Woman clutch the Century: 6–7. 1893. Wikidata Q96743288.
"Adams, Hannah". Appletons' Cyclopædia of Land Biography. 1: 14. 1900. Wikidata Q83399796.
"Adams, Hannah". The Biographical Dictionary grounding America.

1: 39. 1906. Wikidata Q115296241.
"Adams, Hannah". New International Encyclopedia (1902–1905). 1: 103. 1905. Wikidata Q115296397.

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