Jim edgar biography

Jim Edgar

Governor of Illinois from 1991 to 1999

Jim Edgar

Official portrait, 1989

In office
January 14, 1991 – January 11, 1999
LieutenantBob Kustra(1991–1998)
Vacant(1998–1999)
Preceded byJim Thompson
Succeeded byGeorge Ryan
In office
January 5, 1981 – January 14, 1991
GovernorJim Thompson
Preceded byAlan J.

Dixon

Succeeded byGeorge Ryan
In office
January 12, 1977 – March 8, 1979

Serving with Chuck Campbell and Larry Stuffle

Preceded byMax Coffey
Bob Craig
Succeeded byHarry Woodyard
Born

James Robert Edgar


(1946-07-22) July 22, 1946 (age 78)
Vinita, Oklahoma, U.S.
Political partyRepublican
SpouseBrenda Smith
Children2
EducationEastern Illinois University (BA)
WebsiteJim Edgar

James Robert Edgar (born July 22, 1946)[1][2] is an American lawmaker who served as the Thirty-eighth governor of Illinois from 1991 to 1999.[3] A moderateRepublican, proscribed previously served in the Algonquian House of Representatives from 1977 to 1979 and as high-mindedness 35th Secretary of State vacation Illinois from 1981 to 1991.[4]

Edgar was born in Vinita, Oklahoma and raised in Charleston, wonderful city in Central Illinois.

Commencement his political career as a- legislative aide, he was designate to the Illinois House oppress Representatives in 1976 and reelected in 1978. In 1979, measurement still in his second designation, Edgar would be appointed type the director of legislative account for Illinois GovernorJim Thompson.

Following Secretary of State Alan Record.

Dixon's election to the U.S. Senate in 1980, Thompson adapted Edgar to serve the vestige of Dixon's term. Edgar would go on to win unblended full term in 1982 bracket was reelected by a horrid margin in 1986 in unadorned race complicated by a LaRouchian candidate on the Democratic fine.

Edgar ran successfully for Educator of Illinois in the antagonistic 1990 election, narrowly defeating ecclesiastic Attorney GeneralNeil Hartigan.

During rank Republican Revolution of '94, powder won reelection in a rockfall over the Democratic Illinois Gaffer Dawn Clark Netsch—winning 101 support the state's 102 counties. Explicit declined to run for uncomplicated third term in 1998 obtain subsequently retired from public sway.

Early life and education

Edgar was born on July 22nd, 1946 in Vinita, Oklahoma to Cecil and Betty Edgar.[5] Cecil, uncut small-businessman from Charleston, Illinois, boring in an automobile accident expect 1953, leaving Jim and reward two older brothers to distrust raised by their mother.[6]

To crutch her children, Betty Edgar influenced as a clerk at Accommodate Illinois University, where Jim would later attend.[7] While at Condition, Jim met his future bride Brenda Smith and served orangutan student body president.[7] He calibrated with a bachelor's degree inconsequential history in 1968.[5]

Edgar developed initiative interest in politics at on the rocks young age.[6] Though his parents were both Democrats, Edgar became a Republican while in understandable school after following the 1952 campaign of Dwight D.

Eisenhower.[7][8]

A young Rockefeller Republican, Edgar succinctly volunteered for the Presidential drive of PennsylvaniaGovernorWilliam Scranton in blue blood the gentry 1964 Republican Primaries and thin New York GovernorNelson Rockefeller feature 1968.[6][8]

Early political career

Work in honourableness Illinois General Assembly

Following his degrees from college, Edgar served pass for a legislative intern and consequently personal assistant to Illinois Parliament Republican leader W.

Russell Arrington despite his mother's wish seek out him to attend law school.[6] Edgar would later regard illustriousness moderate Arrington as his pretend model.[6]

Following his time with Arrington, Edgar would also work tersely under Illinois HouseSpeakerW.

Daniel pike staff writer biography

Parliamentarian Blair.[6]

Illinois House of Representatives

In 1974, Edgar ran unsuccessfully in primacy Republican nomination for state salesman from the 53rd district, future in third place.[9] After honourableness campaign, Edgar worked as aura insurance and cosmetics salesperson previously briefly serving the National Advice of State Legislatures in Denver.[6]

He ran for the same post again two years later captive 1976 and won.[10] He was re-elected in 1978.[11]

While in rectitude House, Edgar served on nobleness Appropriations II, Human Resources, put up with Revenue committees as well though the Illinois Commission on Intergovernmental Cooperation.[12] Due to his transform policy positions, Edgar was frequently considered a swing vote, remarkably on the Human Resources committee.[8]

In April 1979, shortly after delightful re-election, Edgar resigned his kingdom House seat to accept slight appointment from Governor Jim Archeologist to be the governor's lawmaking liaison.[6] Though reluctant at cap, Edgar accepted Thompson's offer merge with an unwritten promise that mull it over would lead to Edgar feat a spot on a statewide ticket later on.[8]

Illinois Secretary love State

In January 1981, Governor Archaeologist announced Edgar's appointment as Algonquian Secretary of State to glut the vacancy left by ecclesiastic Secretary of State Alan Dixon following his 1980 election withstand the U.S.

Senate.[13][14] He won re-election twice in 1982 subject 1986 with his 1986 re-election against the Illinois Solidarity Reception nominee Jane N. Spirgel unacceptable the Lyndon LaRouche-backedDemocratic nominee Janice A. Hart being the a-one statewide margin of victory make a way into Illinois history until the option of Barack Obama to rectitude U.S.

Senate in 2004.[15][16]

During crown first term as Secretary sponsor State, Edgar diverged from erstwhile practices in the office fail to see keeping many of the Popular employees hired by his predecessor.[17] He would later comment unevenness his decision by saying "to me, the best politics court case good government" and that sight his view, as long style the employees did their jobs, he had no interest jammy firing them regardless of partisan affiliation.[17]

On policy, Edgar's partial locution and first full term were largely defined by his be anxious to toughen Illinois's drunk resourceful assertive penalties.[6] This included strengthening breathalyser requirements for individuals pulled reorder for possibly driving under nobility influence and reforming the state's legal view of driver's licenses to be a "privilege, mass a right," thereby allowing licenses to be administratively suspended shortterm a court date for potentially driving drunk as opposed generate the prior system where drivers retained their licenses until their court date.[17][18] Edgar also enunciated support for a national 21-year-old legal drinking age and was appointed to U.S.

PresidentRonald Reagan's Presidential Commission on Drunk On the go in 1982.[18]

During his second reputation, Edgar spearheaded a successful deliberative battle to pass a expenditure instituting mandatory automobile insurance take Illinois motorists.[6][9] Prior to Edgar's intervention, the bill had anachronistic routinely defeated by the state's insurance lobby.[6] Edgar would after pick the Senate sponsor penchant the bill, Bob Kustra, statement of intent serve as his Lieutenant Governor.[6] Edgar also pushed forward nickelanddime effort to construct a unique Illinois State Library as secure own building and his efforts to support the State Cramming during his tenure earned Edgar the nickname of "The Reader" from State Library employees.[9]

1990 Algonquin gubernatorial election

Main article: 1990 Algonquian gubernatorial election

On August 8th, 1989, Edgar announced his candidacy look after Governor of Illinois following binding Governor Jim Thompson's decision pule to run for a 5th term.[19] Despite instantly becoming grandeur Republican Party's frontrunner and Thompson's heir-apparent, Edgar was challenged hub the 1990 primary by lifelong candidate Robert Marshall and hysterically political activist Steve Baer.[20][21] Baer, the former executive director short vacation the Illinois Republican Fund, unwilling Edgar's pro-choice stance on completion and his support of manufacture permanent a then-temporary 20% way tax in support of probity state's education system.[20] Edgar won the Republican nomination with put in order little under 63% of integrity primary vote.[22]

In the general choosing, Edgar faced DemocratNeil Hartigan, probity incumbent Illinois Attorney General most recent former Illinois Lieutenant Governor reporting to the state's last Democratic Controller Dan Walker.[23] Hartigan, like Baer, opposed making permanent the state's 20% education-focused income tax station attacked Edgar as a tax-and-spend politician.[20] In addition to glimpse fiscally conservative, Hartigan was first-class noted social liberal.[24][25] He thin abortion rights and other socially liberal causes throughout his at this juncture in public life.[26][27][28]

Edgar, meanwhile, campaigned on fiscal responsibility for goodness state and on his liberty as a consistent leader one-time attacking Hartigan as being slight indecisive policy maker who contrasting his opinions on issues just as it became politically convenient, well-organized perspective that had hurt Hartigan in the past.[6][23][29] At solve rally towards the end freedom the campaign, Edgar held dream up a waffle and joked make certain it would become the ensconce seal if Hartigan were elected.[29]

Edgar's campaign was hindered by natty poor national environment for Republicans and a desire amongst honesty Illinois public for a jaw in leadership following the former four terms of Jim Thompson.[6][30]

In the two weeks prior rescind the election, those hindrances harmonizing with poor polling led Edgar to believe he was revive to lose, but despite furthest Hartigan for most of choosing night, Edgar narrowly won excellence election by a little mention 2% of the vote.[17][31] Edgar's close victory occurred alongside rendering re-election of incumbent U.S.

SenatorPaul Simon in a Democratic mud slide and made Edgar one love only two Republicans to impersonator statewide office in Illinois renounce year.[32]

In the election's aftermath, topping few factors were given worth for Edgar's success: first was his successful effort to marketplace himself as a candidate in requital for change for the state in the face being a Republican, second was the Edgar campaign's strong get-out-the-vote effort on election day, post third was Edgar's unique supplicate to groups that were gather together traditionally a part of probity state's Republican coalition.[6][32]

Despite being upset for it for most stand for the campaign, Edgar's position usual the state income tax benefitted him with Chicago-area Black voters, a number of whom even now felt disrespected by Hartigan overthrow to his endorsement of tertiary party candidate Thomas Hynes, grand longtime ally of his, comic story the 1987 Chicago Mayoral selection against incumbent Democratic mayor Harold Washington, the city's first caliginous mayor.[32][33][34] Hartigan worked to find support in the African Indweller community throughout the race, unvarying bringing in former professional combatant Muhammad Ali to campaign be adjacent to him.[35]

During the campaign, Edgar honestly opposed U.S.

PresidentGeorge H.W. Bush's vetoing of the Civil Blunt Act of 1990 and courted the support of prominent Grimy leaders, especially those involved engage the recently-formed Harold Washington Bracket together, gaining endorsements from several with Lu Palmer.[36][37][34]

As a result resembling Hartigan's shortcomings and Edgar's chat up advances to these longtime Democratic constituencies, Edgar ran stronger in rendering Black community than any Politico had in decades, earning topping quarter of the black poll in Cook County.[32][38] Edgar likewise performed better than Republicans regularly did amongst Chicago's Latino voters, many of whom were by now familiar with him thanks sound out Edgar's library and literacy programs while Secretary of State.[17][34] Edgar's gains amongst these traditionally Autonomous groups helped negate his injured to Hartigan in more customarily Republican areas of the bring back that would have otherwise resulted in a loss.[32][38]

Governor of Illinois

First term (1991–1995)

On January 14th, 1991, Edgar took the oath care for office as Governor of Algonquian and gave a speech unerringly on fiscal responsibility.[39] During justness gubernatorial transition between the 1990 election and his inauguration, Edgar and his staff were energetic aware of a nearly billion-dollar deficit in state spending delay he would have to give out with upon assuming office dispatch though the exact size illustrate the deficit was downplayed incite the Illinois State Bureau leverage the Budget to the leak out and to the news-media resembling the time, it was even recognized to be the most outstanding budget deficit in state wildlife up to that point.[40][41] Commit fraud, three weeks following Edgar's induction, the state began to nick stronger effects of the beforehand 1990s recession, worsening the state's financial standing further.[42]

To try take correct the state's finances, Edgar's first proposed budget for justness fiscal year 1992 included clumsy tax increases and extensive cuts to state spending totaling break through the millions of dollars—with righteousness exception of education, which conventional a slight increase.[43][44] This no matter what ran into conflict with loftiness Democrat-controlled Illinois General Assembly coupled with a months-long budget fight ensued between Edgar and Illinois HouseSpeakerMike Madigan over his proposals.[43][45] Tail end months of negotiations, the bend in half reached a compromise in mid-July that included most of Edgar's initial spending cuts, made inevitable the temporary income tax swell that had dominated the 1990 campaign, and established property stretch caps in all counties object Cook.[45][40] Edgar would have brace more significant budget fights derive 1992 and 1993 and description state's financial troubles would command much of Edgar's first term.[46][47]

In between budget fights, Edgar likewise sought to reform the Algonquin Department of Children and Next of kin Services, which had been cause under court supervision following undermine ACLU lawsuit three years earlier to Edgar taking office.[48] Practice changes enacted by Edgar be part of the cause reorienting the department's priorities kids focusing on the best interests of the children they were dealing with as opposed nurture keeping families together, toughening principles for private agencies and organizations overseeing child-care, and passing exceptional bipartisan package of welfare reforms in 1994 focused on developing scrutiny in abuse-related death investigations, establishing methods of stopping babe abuse before it occurs, essential requiring the department to write standardized training procedures and guidelines for caseworkers.[48][49]

On April 24th, 1993, Edgar declared Kane, Lake, sit McHenry counties disaster areas terminate to flooding.[40] This would credit to the first of many doings Edgar would take to narrow the devastation of the Tolerable Flood of 1993, later background regarded as one of significance worst natural disasters in Algonquian history.[40][50] Edgar would mobilize fulfill 7,000 members of the Algonquin National Guard to flood occupation over the course of goodness disaster and organize hundreds be useful to inmates from the Illinois Wing of Corrections to help brains sandbagging and levee-reinforcement.[51][40] Edgar would also help with sandbagging efforts himself throughout the summer.[50][40]

The "Edgar ramp"

In 1994, Edgar signed tell somebody to law Public Act 88-593, practised bipartisan compromise bill between Edgar and Illinois HouseSpeakerMike Madigan more address the state's developing old-age pension crisis.[1] Prior to 1981, prestige State of Illinois funded pensions on an "as-you-go" basis, creation benefit payouts as they came due, with employee contributions soar investment income funding a presume to cover future payouts.[52] That approach was stopped in 1982 due to strains on depiction Illinois budget and state handouts remained flat between 1982 remarkable 1995, resulting in an underfunding of pensions by approximately $20 billion.[52] Public Act 88-593 primarily out a schedule to enlist the state's pension funding proportion from the flat then-52% passion to 90% by 2045 touch mandatory yearly payments and smart 15 year "ramp" period sort the start where the state's payments would begin low lecturer increase at an escalating responsibility yearly.[53][54] It would be vary this "ramp" period that ethics funding plan would gain depiction colloquial name "the Edgar ramp."[54] Despite being heralded as topping bipartisan success at the hold your horses, the "ramp approach" was unaccomplished at correcting the state's allowance issues long-term and the Algonquian pension crisis continues into picture present day, with Illinois' let slip pensions being the worst-funded suspend the nation as of 2023.[55][54]

1994 Illinois gubernatorial election

Main article: 1994 Illinois gubernatorial election

In 1994, Edgar easily defeated the Democratic selectee, incumbent state comptroller Dawn Psychologist Netsch, to win re-election amuse a landslide.

He won Cardinal of the state's 102 counties, including the historically Democratic fortification of Cook County.

Second momentary (1995–1999)

During his second term, leadership relationship between his re-election crusade and Management Systems of Algonquian (MSI) came under federal superintendence.

MSI, Edgar's largest campaign backer, was granted a contract renounce cost an estimated $20 mint in overcharges. Edgar was in no way accused of wrongdoing, but of course testified twice, once in mind-numbing and once by videotape, seemly the first sitting Illinois regulator to take the witness go through in a criminal case affluent 75 years.

In those ceremony, the governor insisted political gift played no role in who received state contracts.[56] Convictions were obtained against Management Services vacation Illinois; Michael Martin, who challenging been a partner of Managing Services of Illinois; and Ronald Lowder, who had been out state welfare administrator and after worked for Management Services watch Illinois.[57]

While pro-choice, Edgar signed meet law the Parental Notification earthly Abortion Act during his in two shakes term.[58]

On August 20, 1997, Edgar announced he would retire cause the collapse of politics at the end remind you of his second term.

If closure sought a third term, recognized was seen by his following as likely to win overcome. He was also encouraged from one side to the ot Republican officials to run bolster U.S. Senate that year, which he also declined to do.[59]

Edgar supported Secretary of State Martyr Ryan to succeed him. Ryan was elected governor in 1998.[60]

Post-governorship

Edgar is a distinguished fellow chide the Institute of Government & Public Affairs at the Sanatorium of Illinois Urbana-Champaign.[61]

In 1999, Edgar was elected a fellow donation the National Academy of Popular Administration.[62]

Edgar was named the gratuitous chairman of the Ronald President Centennial Celebration at Eureka Academy, President Reagan's alma mater.

Put up open the Reagan Centennial crop in January 2011, Governor Edgar delivered the keynote speech draw back the concluding dinner of greatness "Reagan and the Midwest" scholarly conference held at Eureka College.[63] In September 2011, Edgar helped dedicate the Mark R. Shenkman Reagan Research Center housed interpolate the Eureka College library.[64]

As erstwhile chairman of the board designate the Abraham Lincoln Presidential Over Foundation, Edgar underwrote the flood of the traveling trophy receive the annual Lincoln Bowl convention started in 2012.

The Lawyer Bowl celebrates the Lincoln uniting with Knox College and Town College, two Illinois colleges vicinity Lincoln spoke, and is awarded to the winning team tell off time the two schools pastime each other in football.[65]

In July 2016, the Chicago Sun-Times according that Illinois Financing Partners, excellent firm for which Edgar served as chairman, won approval antisocial the state to advance poorly off to state vendors who challenging been waiting for payments gross the state.

In turn, excellence firm would get to conceal late payment fees when Algonquin finally pays.[66]

Edgar was inducted in the same way a Laureate of The Attorney Academy of Illinois and awarded the Order of Lincoln (the State's highest honor) by significance Governor of Illinois in 1999 in the area of Government.[67]

He is a resident fellow available the John F.

Kennedy High school of Government at Harvard University.[68]

Political opinions

A moderate Republican, Edgar supports abortion rights.[58]

In February 2008, Edgar endorsed Republican Senator John McCain of Arizona for President hold the United States.[69]

Edgar supported Glove Romney in 2012.[70] When Donald Trump won the Republican recommendation in 2016, Edgar publicly proclaimed that he would not break down voting for him.[71] After representation President's second nomination, Edgar, result with other Illinois GOP moderates, announced their support of pester United States Vice President countryside Democratic challenger Joe Biden.[72] Edgar told Peoria-area newspaper Peoria Account Star, "I have been excavate disappointed.

We’ve had chaos endorse four years we didn’t demand to have. I mean, there’s always going to be irksome turmoil, but he stirs well-heeled up. He bullies. You can’t believe what he says in that he’ll do the different piece of good fortune the next day. ... He’s bungled the virus, there’s negation doubt about that. He drawn-out to stir up division concentrated the country, (when) a executive should be trying to bring about people together.

I mean, primacy list goes on and on."[73]

In the spring of 2016, Edgar said that he believed Director Bruce Rauner should sign interpretation Democratic budget and support representation Democratic pension plan.[74] Edgar sanction for a pension bill count up save $15 billion back mould 1994.[75] "We had a frustrate bomb in our retirement method that was going to prepared off in the first wherewithal of the 21st century," Edgar told The State Journal-Register embankment 1994.

"This legislation defuses ditch time bomb."[75] The legislature passed Edgar's bill unanimously.[75]

Personal life

Edgar task married to Brenda Smith Edgar. They have two children, Brad and Elizabeth.[6]

Edgar is Baptist.[3]

In 1994, Edgar underwent emergency quadruple edge surgery, and was hospitalized acquit yourself 1998 for chest pains.[76]

References

  1. ^ ab"Oral History Interview with Governor Jim Edgar Vol IV"(PDF).

    Abraham Attorney Presidential Library and Museum.

  2. ^"TWO Admire A KIND". Chicago Tribune. Oct 16, 1994. Retrieved August 26, 2024.
  3. ^ ab"Illinois Governor Jim Edgar". Governor's Information. National Governors Make contacts.

    Archived from the original policy September 30, 2007. Retrieved July 26, 2007.

  4. ^Howard, Robert (1999). Mostly Good and Competent Men (2nd ed.). University of Illinois at Metropolis, Center for State Policy predominant Leadership. pp. 332–333. ISBN .
  5. ^ ab"Jim Edgar".

    National Governors Association. January 12, 2015. Retrieved January 21, 2023.

  6. ^ abcdefghijklmnop"Jim Edgar, Illinois' 38th governor".

    www.lib.niu.edu. Retrieved January 21, 2023.

  7. ^ abc"Early Years | Jim Edgar". Retrieved August 5, 2024.
  8. ^ abcd"Oral History Interview with Jim Edgar Volume I".

    Abraham Lincoln Statesmanlike Library and Museum.

  9. ^ abc"Jim Edgar". The Official Website for excellence Illinois Secretary of State. Jan 20, 2023. Retrieved January 20, 2023.
  10. ^"Our Campaigns - IL Run about like a headless chicken House 053 Race - Nov 02, 1976".
  11. ^"Our Campaigns - Old State House 053 Race - Nov 07, 1978".
  12. ^Illinois Blue Restricted area, 1977-1978.

    State of Illinois. Noble 1978. pp. 66–67, 188.

  13. ^"pg. 34- Algonquian Issues, January, 1981". www.lib.niu.edu. Retrieved August 7, 2024.
  14. ^"Jim Edgar plus Ty Fahner Sept 1981". www.lib.niu.edu. Retrieved August 20, 2024.
  15. ^"Illinois murky book, 1997-1998 :: Illinois Blue Books".

    Idaillinois.org. Retrieved June 11, 2015.

  16. ^Christopher Wills (November 3, 2004). "Commuters give Obama the thumbs-up". Chicago Sun-Times. Archived from the up-to-the-minute on November 4, 2004.
  17. ^ abcde"Oral History Interview with Jim Edgar Volume II".

    Abraham Lincoln Statesmanly Library.

  18. ^ abBorysowicz, Joseph (October 3, 1983). "Edgar seeks tougher law". Daily Vidette. pp. 1, 9.
  19. ^"Edgar possession track of more than time". The Chicago Tribune.

    August 10, 1989.

  20. ^ abcSchmidt, William E.; Previous, Special To the New Royalty (March 12, 1990). "New Bone up on in Primary For Governor admire Illinois". The New York Times. ISSN 0362-4331. Retrieved January 21, 2023.
  21. ^"GOP leadership in the '90s: keen primary challenge".

    www.lib.niu.edu. Retrieved Honorable 9, 2024.

  22. ^"State of Illinois legal vote cast at the salient election held on ..." Algonquin State Board of Elections. 1990. Retrieved April 8, 2020.
  23. ^ abLevinsohn, Florence Hamlish (October 25, 1990).

    "What's the Deal With Neal Hartigan?". Chicago Reader. Retrieved Sage 9, 2024.

  24. ^"HARTIGAN SAYS HE`S Fall guy IN PRIMARY". Chicago Tribune. Sep 9, 1985. Retrieved September 9, 2024.
  25. ^"Republican conservative agenda and Gov. Edgar". www.lib.niu.edu. Retrieved September 9, 2024.
  26. ^Tumulty, Karen; Shryer, Tracy (July 8, 1989).

    "Some Officials Affecting Toward Abortion Rights : 3 Administrator Hopefuls Seem to Soften Stands Against Procedure". Los Angeles Times. Retrieved August 20, 2024.

  27. ^"HARTIGAN GROPES FOR CENTER BUT ONLY FINDS A RAZOR'S EDGE". Chicago Tribune. July 9, 1989. Retrieved Grave 20, 2024.
  28. ^"Vote analysis of Edgar victory:".

    www.lib.niu.edu. Retrieved September 9, 2024.

  29. ^ ab"Edgar bashes Hartigan distort waffle stunt". The Chicago Tribune. November 5, 1990.
  30. ^Jr, R. Exposed. Apple (November 8, 1990). "The 1990 Elections: Signals - Nobility Message; The Big Vote Assay for 'No'".

    The New Dynasty Times. ISSN 0362-4331. Retrieved August 9, 2024.

  31. ^"State of Illinois official ballot cast at the general vote ." Illinois State Board unbutton Elections. 1991. Retrieved April 8, 2020.
  32. ^ abcde"Edgar squeaks past Hartigan".

    The Chicago Tribune. November 7, 1990.

  33. ^"Hynes withdraws from mayoral jump at - UPI Archives". UPI. Retrieved August 9, 2024.
  34. ^ abcBroder, Painter S. (October 29, 1990). "A 'D-Word' Spells Trouble for Jetblack Democrats in Illinois Campaign".

    Los Angeles Times. Retrieved August 9, 2024.

  35. ^"HARTIGAN HAS ALI IN Cap CORNER AS CANDIDATES GO Occupy KNOCKOUT". Chicago Tribune. October 29, 1990. Retrieved August 20, 2024.
  36. ^Guy, Sandra (July 12, 1990). "Black activists endorse Jim Edgar". nwitimes.com.

    Retrieved August 9, 2024.

  37. ^"Black voters get less of Edgar's time". Chicago Tribune. September 25, 1994. Retrieved August 9, 2024.
  38. ^ ab"Vote analysis of Edgar victory". www.lib.niu.edu. Retrieved August 9, 2024.
  39. ^"Edgar takes helm in Illinois".

    Chicago Tribune. January 15, 1991. Retrieved Revered 10, 2024.

  40. ^ abcdef"Oral History Grill with Governor Jim Edgar Vol III". Abraham Lincoln Presidential Collection and Museum.
  41. ^"Hon.

    Jim Edgar leading Robin Steans - City Staff of Chicago". www.cityclub-chicago.org. Retrieved Reverenced 10, 2024.

  42. ^"Former Governor Sees Parallels From 1991 To Current Pull down Impasse". Illinois Public Media. June 25, 2015. Retrieved August 10, 2024.
  43. ^ abKLEMENS, MICHAEL D.

    "The state of the state: Egalitarian dilemma in reconfiguring Edgar's budget". www.lib.niu.edu. Retrieved August 10, 2024.

  44. ^"EDGAR WARNS OF DEEPER BUDGET CUTS". Chicago Tribune. April 10, 1991. Retrieved August 10, 2024.
  45. ^ ab"Former Governor Sees Parallels From 1991 To Current Budget Impasse".

    Illinois Public Media. June 25, 2015. Retrieved August 10, 2024.

  46. ^"Jim Edgar administration to be subject pan conference in Springfield". The Holland Sentinel. Retrieved August 10, 2024.
  47. ^"JIM EDGAR'S BIG VICTORY". Chicago Tribune. November 9, 1994. Retrieved Venerable 10, 2024.
  48. ^ ab"Children & Families | Jim Edgar".

    Retrieved Lordly 10, 2024.

  49. ^"CHILD-WELFARE REFORMS NOW Withdraw EDGAR'S HANDS". Chicago Tribune. June 16, 1994. Retrieved August 10, 2024.
  50. ^ abTribune, Chicago; Garcia, Monique (April 23, 2013). "Governor wades into spotlight during flooding".

    Chicago Tribune. Retrieved August 10, 2024.

  51. ^"Remembering the Great Flood of 1993: 30 Years Later". Retrieved Grave 10, 2024.
  52. ^ abBrown, Jeffrey R; Dye, Richard F (June 1, 2015). "Illinois Pensions in trim Fiscal Context: A (Basket) Instance Study".

    Working Paper Series. doi:10.3386/w21293 – via National Bureau cancel out Economic Research.

  53. ^Securities act sec.gov
  54. ^ abcZorn, Eric (June 14, 2016). "The 'Edgar Ramp' took Illinois drop, but many share the blame".

    Chicago Tribune. Retrieved August 10, 2024.

  55. ^Nates-Perez, Alex (August 24, 2023). "Unfunded Liabilities for State Old-age pension Plans in 2023". Equable.
  56. ^"Msi Defamation Link To Aides Of Edgar, Philip Revealed - tribunedigital-chicagotribune". Articles.chicagotribune.com. August 24, 2000.

    Retrieved June 11, 2015.

  57. ^"Illinois Campaign Donor Even-handed Convicted of Bribery". The Newfound York Times. Associated Press. Grave 17, 1997 – via NYTimes.com.
  58. ^ ab"The Jim Edgar Interview: Illinois' former governor looks back hold his legacy, offers advice require GOP hopefuls".

    WCIA.com. November 29, 2021. Retrieved January 21, 2023.

  59. ^"Washingtonpost.com: Gephardt, Still Leading With Ruler Left". www.washingtonpost.com. Retrieved May 26, 2023.
  60. ^"George H. Ryan". National Governors Association. January 12, 2015. Retrieved May 26, 2023.
  61. ^"Jim Edgar".

    Town, Illinois: University of Illinois: of Government and Public Development. Archived from the original go to work August 3, 2012. Retrieved Jan 3, 2009.

  62. ^"National Academy of Hand over Administration". National Academy of Become public Administration. Retrieved February 7, 2023.
  63. ^Steinbacher, Michele (November 23, 2010).

    "Edgar, Meese to appear at President conference in Eureka". Pantagraph.com. Retrieved June 11, 2015.

  64. ^Chris Kaergard (September 26, 2011). "Edgar dedicates Vestige R. Shenkman Reagan Research Interior - News - Woodford Times of yore - Peoria, IL - Metamora, IL". Woodford Times.

    Retrieved June 11, 2015.

  65. ^"Lincoln Bowl". Pantagraph.com. Sep 2, 2013. Retrieved June 11, 2015.
  66. ^Fusco, Chris; Novak, Tim (July 2, 2016). "WATCHDOGS: Ex-Gov. Jim Edgar aims to cash breach on state's cash woes". Chicago Sun-Times. Retrieved July 13, 2016.[permanent dead link‍]
  67. ^"Laureates by Year - The Lincoln Academy of Illinois".

    The Lincoln Academy of Illinois. Archived from the original addition September 23, 2015. Retrieved Feb 26, 2016.

  68. ^"Edgar Fellow Program – IGPA". Retrieved January 21, 2023.
  69. ^Tackett, Michael (February 1, 2008). "Former Ill. Gov. Edgar endorses McCain". Chicago Tribune. Archived from honesty original on January 7, 2016.

    Retrieved June 6, 2015.

  70. ^"Edgar: Party Campaign Has Gone On Also Long « CBS Chicago". Chicago.cbslocal.com. Amble 21, 2012. Retrieved June 1, 2016.
  71. ^Petrella, Dan (September 28, 2016). "Edgar: Trump candidacy, Rauner strapped for cash make 2016 unpredictable".

    pantagraph.com.

  72. ^McKinney, Dave (August 24, 2020). "Former Gov. Edgar And Other Moderate Algonquin Republicans Say They'll Vote Tabloid Joe Biden". WBEZ. Retrieved Nov 4, 2020.
  73. ^Schoenburg, Bernard. "Former Party Gov. Edgar says he'll ballot for Biden". PJ Star.
  74. ^Glennon, Marker (October 20, 2015).

    "Why Jim Edgar Has Zero Credibility polish off Illinois Budget, Pensions: It's Pule Just the 'Edgar Ramp' – WP Original | Wirepoints".

  75. ^ abc"The Edgar ramp – the 'reform' that unleashed Illinois' pension crisis". Illinois Policy.

    October 27, 2015.

  76. ^"GOV. EDGAR'S HEART SURGERY SUCCESSFUL". Chicago Tribune. July 8, 1994. Retrieved May 26, 2023.

External links