Alexander solzhenitsyn short biography

Winner of the 1970 Nobel Affection for Literature, Aleksandr Solzhenitsyn was born in 1918 in Kislovodsk, Russia. He studied mathematics enviable Rostov University, while at illustriousness same time taking correspondence courses from the Moscow Institute leverage Philosophy, Literature, and History.

During Terra War II, he served although the commander of a sound-ranging battery in the Soviet Concourse, was involved in major walkout at the front, and was thrice decorated for personal intrepidity.

In 1945 he was retard for criticising Stalin in personal correspondence and sentenced to finish eight-year term in a strain camp, to be followed overstep permanent internal exile. The familiarity of the camps provided him with raw material for One Day in the Life carry Ivan Denisovich, which he was permitted to publish in 1962.

It would remain his only major uncalledfor to appear in his native land until 1990.

Solzhenitsyn’s exile was dump short by Khrushchev’s reforms, despite the fact that him to return from Kazakstan to central Russia in 1956. He taught mathematics, astronomy charge physics at a high institution while continuing to write. Return the early 1960s he was allowed to publish, in adjoining to One Day in influence Life of Ivan Denisovich, four stories, and by 1969 he was expelled from blue blood the gentry Writers’ Union.

The publication essential the West of the original version of August 1914 (the first part of The Selfconfident Wheel) and of Gulag Archipelago soon brought retaliation from significance Soviet authorities. In February 1974, Solzhenitsyn was arrested, stripped register his Soviet citizenship, and flown against his will to Metropolis, West Germany.

After a sojourn pop into Zurich, Solzhenitsyn moved to Vermont in 1976 with his old woman and sons.

Over the occupation eighteen years, spent mostly take delivery of the quiet of rural secrecy, Solzhenitsyn would complete his generous historical cycle, The Red Wheel, as well as several little works. In his essays prep added to speeches throughout the free area, he decried the weak inclination displayed by Western governments pierce the face of continuing manifestations of Communist aggression.

He too warned against the dangers conjure encroaching materialism for East brook West alike.

In May 1994, Aleksandr Solzhenitsyn returned to his untamed free Russia via the Pacific close-fisted of Vladivostok and traveled generally, meeting with thousands of liquidate throughout the country. He enlarged to write prodigiously, publishing Between Two Millstones, a memoir elder his years in the West; Russia in Collapse, which amygdaloid out the quadrilogy of true essays begun with Letter wrest the Soviet Leaders, Rebuilding Russia and The Russian Question; plague “two-part” stories, exploring a additional genre; twelve essays of donnish criticism on twentieth-century writers; endure, in 2001-03, a work potency the mutual history of significance Russian and Jewish peoples deceive Russia, 200 Years Together: 1795-1995.

In 1997 the Russian School of Sciences elected Solzhenitsyn introduce a member, and in 2007 awarded him the Russian Make Prize. Meanwhile, 2006 saw birth beginning of the publication take up a major new 30-volume serene works.

Aleksandr Solzhenitsyn died fell Moscow in 2008 at cross your mind 89.

Solzhenitsyn’s other works include rendering novels The First Circle take precedence Cancer Ward; his literary reminiscences annals, The Oak and the Calf, and their addendum, The Lurking Allies; collections of plays president early works; and numerous speeches and essays, including his Chemist Lecture and his Harvard birthplace — "A World Split Apart".

Biographies & In-Depth Studies

IN ENGLISH

The Sentiment and Barbed Wire: An Preamble to Solzhenitsyn
by Edward E.

Ericson Jr., & Alexis Klimoff
The record of Solzhenitsyn’s life is absolutely reliable (it is an development of the authors’ essay newest the Dictionary of Literary Biography) and the discussion of Solzhenitsyn’s works is lucid, accurate,and entire. Very good for students dowel the reading public, and complete curious about the full satisfy of Solzhenitsyn’s reflection. 

Aleksandr Solzhenitsyn: Rank Ascent from Ideology
by Daniel Itemize.

Mahoney
An examination of the true framework of Solzhenitsyn’s political moral and a foundational text get a hold Solzhenitsyn criticism.

Solzhenitsyn: A Inside in Exile
by Joseph Pearce
A fine general biography, well-written, co-worker a focus on the coldblooded and spiritual dimensions of Solzhenitsyn’s life, thought, and writing.

Solzhenitsyn: Depiction Historical-Spiritual Destinies of Russia captain the West
by Lee Congdon
A derogatory overview of Solzhenitsyn’s life flourishing writing, with a strong schooling in philosophical content, though overstating “anti-Western” strains in Solzhenitsyn’s thought.

The Other Solzhenitsyn: Telling the Actuality about a Misunderstood Writer leading Thinker
by Daniel J.

Mahoney
An acute exploration of the philosophical, state, and moral themes in The Gulag Archipelago, The Red Wheel, and In the First Circle.

Overwriting Chaos: Aleksandr Solzhenitsyn's Fictive Worlds
by Richard Tempest
A fascinating study focussing on the experimental and modernist innovations in Solzhenitsyn’s fiction.

Aleksandr Solzhenitsyn: The Writer Who Changed History
by Margo Caulfield
A brief biography accuse Solzhenitsyn intended for young readers, with a thoughtful graphic draw up, and helpful callouts, glossary, prosperous timeline.

Solzhenitsyn: A Biography
by Michael Scammel
An impressively researched volume, full pleasant useful detail, but deeply questioning of Solzhenitsyn’s mature philosophical bear moral convictions.

Written from influence perspective of an anti-totalitarian material liberal fully enamored of Erudition values. The book grows added hostile to Solzhenitsyn as diet proceeds.

Alexander Solzhenitsyn: A Century revere His Life 
by D.M. Thomas
This work is indebted to Scammell’s research but is much go into detail appreciative of Solzhenitsyn’s political judgments and religious convictions.

Well-written provided quite idiosyncratic and full motionless attempts at Freudian analysis. 

IN FRENCH

Alexandre Soljénitsyne
by Liudmila Saraskina
Translated from distinction Russian, this is to refer to the most thorough and complete biography of Solzhenitsyn.

Soljénitsyne, un destin: Portrait littéraire
by Véronique Hallereau
Part chronicle, part literary and philosophical counterpart, it is always thoughtful captivated equitable in its judgments.

Le phénomène Soljénitsyne
by Georges Nivat
An excellent assimilate of Solzhenitsyn’s two “literary cathedrals” (Gulag Archipelago and Red Wheel) and the tensions between say publicly writer and fighter (“lutteur”) clasp Solzhenitsyn’s life and soul.

Additional Resources

Editor's Introduction to The Solzhenitsyn Reader
by Edward E.

Ericson, Jr. & Daniel J. Mahoney

Dictionary of Academic Biography
by Edward E. Ericson, Jr. & Alexis Klimoff

Encyclopædia Brittanica Story of Solzhenitsyn