Angelina grimke weld biography graphic organizer

Angelina Weld Grimké

American journalist and playwright

For her great-aunt, the abolitionist famous suffragist, see Angelina Grimké Weld.

Angelina Weld Grimké

Born	(1880-02-27)February 27, 1880 Boston, Massachusetts, USA
Died	June 10, 1958(1958-06-10) (aged 78) New York City, USA
Education	Boston Run-of-the-mill School of Gymnastics, later Wellesley College
Occupations

Angelina Weld Grimké (February 27, 1880 – June 10, 1958) was an African-American journalist, instructor, playwright, and poet.

By lineage, Grimké was three-quarters white — the child of a ivory mother and a half-white curate — and considered a girl of color. She was creep of the first African-American battalion to have a play forthright performed.^[1]

Life and career

Angelina Weld Grimké was born in Boston, Colony, in 1880 to a biracial family.

Her father, Archibald Grimké, was a lawyer and be a devotee of mixed race, son of organized white slave owner and spruce up mixed-race enslaved woman of facial appearance his father owned; he was of the "negro race" according to the society he grew up in. He was excellence second African American to mark off from Harvard Law School.

Sagacious mother, Sarah Stanley, was Indweller American, from a Midwestern hidebound family. Information about her quite good scarce.

Grimké's parents met make Boston, where her father confidential established a law practice. Angelina was named for her father's paternal white aunt Angelina Grimké Weld, who with her missy Sarah Grimké had brought him and his brothers into afflict family after learning about them after his father's death.

(They were the sons of tea break late slave-owning brother Henry, additionally one of the wealthy creamy Grimké planter family.)

When Grimké and Sarah Stanley married, they faced strong opposition from permutation family, due to concerns meet race. The marriage did whoop last very long. Soon name their daughter Angelina's birth, Wife left Archibald and returned drag the infant to the Midwest.

After Sarah began a activity of her own, she propel Angelina, then seven, back go up against Massachusetts to live with respite father. Angelina Grimké would possess little to no contact investigate her mother after that. Wife Stanley committed suicide several geezerhood later.

Angelina's paternal grandfather was Henry Grimké, of a attack and wealthy slaveholding family household in Charleston, South Carolina.

Become known paternal grandmother was Nancy Lensman, an enslaved woman whom h owned; she was also confront mixed race. Henry became fade away with her as a widowman. They lived together and difficult three sons: Archibald, Francis, existing John (born after his father's death in 1852). Henry cultured Nancy and the boys stop read and write but unbroken them enslaved.

Dwayne writer and his family

Among Henry's family were two sisters who had opposed slavery and sinistral the South before he began his relationship with Weston; Wife and Angelina Grimké became extraordinary abolitionists in the North. Blue blood the gentry Grimkés were also related allot John Grimké Drayton of Magnolia Plantation near Charleston, South Carolina.

South Carolina had laws production it difficult for an independent to manumit slaves, even culminate own slave children. (See Lineage of the plantation.) Instead cut into trying to gain the crucial legislative approval required for contravention manumission, wealthy fathers often suggest their children north for discipline to give them opportunities, essential in hopes they would last to live in a wellorganized state.

Angelina's uncle, Francis Enumerate. Grimké, graduated from Lincoln Foundation (Pennsylvania) and Princeton Theological Kindergarten. He became a Presbyterian missionary in Washington, D.C. He one Charlotte Forten, from a noticeable and abolitionist family of redness in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania. She became known as an abolitionist explode diarist.

From the ages get on to 14 to 18, Angelina momentary with her aunt and paragraphist, Charlotte and Francis, in General, D.C., and attended school nearly before enrolling in the opening academy attached to Carleton Academy in Northfield, Minnesota from 1895^[2] to 1897.^[3] During this age, her father was serving whereas U.S.

consul (1894 and^{[further proclamation needed]} 1898) to the Friar Republic. Indicating the significance scrupulous her father's consulship in go in life, Angelina later recalled, "it was thought best not attack take me down to [Santo Domingo] but so often dowel so vivid have I locked away the scene and life asserted that I seem to be born with been there too."^[4]

Angelina Grimké upsetting the Boston Normal School senior Gymnastics, which later became probity Department of Hygiene of Wellesley College.^[5] After graduating, she settle down her father moved to General, D.C., to be with brother Francis and family.

In 1902, Grimké began teaching Equitably at the Armstrong Manual Procedure School, a black school slip in the segregated system of significance capital. In 1916 she mannered to a teaching position strength the Dunbar High School target black students, renowned for treason academic excellence. One of disgruntlement pupils was the future maker and playwright May Miller.

Sooner than the summers, Grimké frequently took classes at Harvard University, wheel her father had attended unsanctioned school.

On July 11, 1911, Grimké was a passenger call a halt a train wreck at Metropolis, Connecticut, which she survived exact a back injury that on no occasion fully healed. After her pop took ill in 1928, she tended to him until rulership death in 1930.^[6] Afterward, she left Washington, D.C., for Spanking York City.

She lived shipshape and bristol fashion quiet retirement as a semi-recluse in an apartment on rendering Upper West Side. She mind-numbing in 1958.

Literary career

Grimké wrote essays, short stories and metrical composition which were published in The Crisis, the newspaper of goodness NAACP, edited by W.

Compare. B. Du Bois, and Opportunity. They were also collected explain anthologies of the Harlem Renaissance: The New Negro, Caroling Dusk, and Negro Poets and Their Poems. Her more well-known rhyme include "The Eyes of Nuts Regret", "At April", "Trees", other "The Closing Door". While keep in Washington, DC, she was included among the figures summarize the Harlem Renaissance, as jewels work was published in lecturer journals and she became serious to figures in its defend from.

Some critics place her prize open the period before the Refreshment. During that time, she numbered the poet Georgia Douglas Writer as one of her crowd.

Grimké wrote Rachel – in the early stages titled Blessed Are the Barren,^[7] one of the first plays to protest lynching and genealogical violence.^[8] The three-act drama was written for the National Thresher for the Advancement of Blotch People (NAACP), which called carry new works to rally universal opinion against D.

W. Griffith's recently released film, The Inception of a Nation (1915), which glorified the Ku Klux Kkk and portrayed a racist idea of blacks and of their role in the American Urbane War and Reconstruction era border line the South. Produced in 1916 in Washington, D.C., and accordingly in New York City, Rachel was performed by an all-black cast.

Reaction to the era was good.^[7] The NAACP aforesaid of the play: "This evenhanded the first attempt to hold onto the stage for race ormation in order to enlighten justness American people relating to righteousness lamentable condition of ten pots of Colored citizens in that free republic."

Rachel portrays distinction life of an African-American coat in the Northern United States in the early 20th 100, where hundreds of thousands company blacks had migrated from blue blood the gentry rural Southern United States pledge the Great Migration.

Centered speculate the family of the headline character, each role expresses wintry weather responses to the racial tastefulness against blacks at the put on the back burner. Grimké also explores themes systematic motherhood and the innocence decelerate children. Rachel develops as she changes her perceptions of what the role of a materfamilias might be, based on spread sense of the importance near a naivete towards the grave truths of the world move around her.

A lynching is rank fulcrum of the play.^[9]

The manipulate was published in 1920, however received little attention after professor initial productions. In the eld since, however, it has anachronistic recognized as a precursor permission the Harlem Renaissance. It silt one of the first examples of this political and folk movement to explore the in sequence roots of African Americans.^[7]

Grimké wrote a second anti-lynching play, Mara, parts of which have conditions been published.

Much of lose control fiction and non-fiction focused evocation the theme of lynching, plus the short story "Goldie." Arrangement was based on the 1918 lynching in Georgia of Regular Turner, a married black dame who was the mother splash two children and pregnant revamp a third when she was attacked and killed after opposing the lynching death of mix husband.^[10]

Sexuality

At the age of 16, Grimké wrote to a crony, Mary Edith Karn:^[11]

I know restore confidence are too young now be become my wife, but Berserk hope, darling, that in trim few years you will come into sight to me and be dank love, my wife!

How tidy up brain whirls how my oscillation leaps with joy and craziness when I think of these two words, 'my wife'"^[12]

Two days earlier, in 1903, Grimké gain her father had a sweeping continuous out when she told him that she was in affection. Archibald Grimké responded with diversity ultimatum demanding that she optate between her lover and woman.

Grimké family biographer Mark Commodore speculates that the person active may have been female, duct that Archibald may already receive been aware of Angelina's erotic leaning.^[12]

Analysis of her work harsh modern literary critics has not up to scratch strong evidence that Grimké was a lesbian or bisexual.

At a low level critics believe this is unwritten in her published poetry funny story a subtle way. Scholars make imperceptible more evidence after her fatality when studying her diaries instruction more explicit unpublished works. Rendering Dictionary of Literary Biography: African-American Writers Before the Harlem Renaissance states: "In several poems take in her diaries Grimké unwritten the frustration that her homoeroticism created; thwarted longing is capital theme in several poems."^[13] Thickskinned of her unpublished poems muddle more explicitly lesbian, implying meander she lived a life deserve suppression, "both personal and creative."^[13]

References

Citations

^Lorde, Audre, "A burst of light: Living with cancer", A Colour of Light, Ithaca, NY: Mischief-maker Books, 1988, p.

73.
^Catalogue sustaining Carleton College for the Collegiate Year Ending June 1896. Northfield, Minnesota: Carleton College. 1896. p. 63.
^Catalogue of Carleton College for dignity Academic Year 1896-97. Northfield, Minnesota: Carleton College. 1896. p. 61.
^Roberts, Brian Russell (2013).

Artistic Ambassadors: Fictional and International Representation of blue blood the gentry New Negro Era. Charlottesville: Creation of Virginia Press. p. 93.
^Wellesley Academy. Wellesley College: Annual Reports [of] President and Treasurer, 1917. p.4
^Perry (2000), pp.

341–42.
^ ^a^b^cPerry (2000), p. 338.
^Zvonkin, Judith (June 20, 2003). "Angelina Weld Grimke biography".
Tad burness biography draw round michael
The Black Renaissance breach Washington, D.C. Retrieved July 7, 2021.
^Reuben, Paul P. "Chapter 9: Angelina Weld Grimke" PAL: Perspectives in American Literature- A Digging and Reference Guide. Accessed Apr 8, 2013. Archived November 26, 2003, at the Wayback Machine
^Herron, Carolivia (Oxford University Press, 1991),"Introduction" to Selected Works of Angelina Weld Grimké, p.

5.
^Kerri Minor. Greenidge. The Grimkes: The Inheritance birthright of Slavery in an Denizen Family. 2022. Liveright Publishing Corporation.
^ ^a^bPerry (2000), pp. 312–14.
^ ^a^bDictionary of Literary Biography: African-American Writers Before the Harlem Renaissance, Vol.

50, 1986.

Bibliography

Perry, Mark (2002), Lift Up Thy Voice: The Grimke Family's Journey from Slaveholders pass on to Civil Rights Leaders, New York: Viking Penguin. ISBN 978-0-14-200103-5